Asklemmy

xkcd#2501:

Microbial pathogenesis here. This one's a fun one for me, especially since COVID revealed just how illiterate the average person is about diseases. Here's a couple that I think should be common sense

• Not all bacteria cause disease. In fact, very few bacteria cause disease. Many bacteria are even helpful to us, so you should really weigh the pros and cons of taking antibiotics if you're considering using antibiotics.

• Antibiotics don't work against viral infections. You're getting all the downsides of killing helpful bacteria and getting none of the benefits

• Do not blindly trust your immune system. Your immune system works 100% of 50% of the time. Many white blood cells take the philosophy of murdering everything in sight just to be safe. This can and often does include killing important cells in your body that just happen to be nearby the site of infection. Even if you survive the infection, you will be weakened as a result. If you can avoid getting sick in the first place, avoid getting sick.

• Vaccines work. I don't really know what else to say about this one.

• Viruses and bacteria aren't hard to kill. There's many compounds that can kill viruses and bacteria. But humans aren't hard to kill either. The tricky part is figuring out how to kill viruses and bacteria while also keeping the human alive. Basically: don't drink bleach. It will kill your bacteria or virus but it'll kill you too

• E. coli isn't a usually bad bacteria. Actually, it's a very important bacteria that helps us digest food. The reason it gets such a bad reputation is because it's relatively hard to kill, which makes them a very good way to quickly check if there's a possible food/water contamination. In other words, the presence of E. coli itself isn't bad, but finding E. coli does suggest that there might be other, more dangerous bacteria.

• DO NOT EAT MOLDY FOOD. The fuzzy part that you see is just the fruiting body of the mold, analogous to a flower on a plant. The real body of the mold is an invisible network of roots that tunnel through the core of the food. Even if you cut off the fuzzy portion, you're still eating most of the mold.

I'm constantly amazed at how many people don't understand the concepts of basic finance and how compound interest works.

Years ago, I brought my laptop with me to buy a car so I could plug all the numbers into a quick amortization schedule. The sales person offered me a choice of $1,500 cash back or 1.9% financing instead of the typical rate a few percentage points higher.

I plugged the numbers into my spreadsheet and saw taking the cash back would cost me a couple grand more than the lower finance rate. When I told him I wanted the finance rate instead of the cash back, he mentioned that I was the only person he'd seen not take the cash back.

Maybe he was pulling my chain, but in my experience, the average person doesn't know what compound interest is, let alone what an amortization schedule is.

Basic computer competency starts with reading the error message.

I’ve worked in IT and you’d be amazed how many people are stuck with some problem that would be fixed if they just read the error message on their screen.

For example, it might say:

Error! The green button needs to be pressed. It’s on your keyboard. It’s green. It also has lettering on it that says PRESS HERE.

People will bring their computer in, at a total loss for what to do.

What we need really is a skills tree for real life. Then it would be much easier to spot the things you're level 1 in.

Don't use high heat on nonstick pans.

Assuming we want the same internal temperature, high heat will cook the outside more than low heat. For bread you probably want a bit more heat to get a nice crusty outside. For steaks you want less heat to avoid overcooking most of the meat, then just a quick sear on the outside.

Don't overload your pan. If your food is cooking in a bunch of water that came out of the food you are boiling it, not frying it, and it's going to suck. Put in less food so that water can boil off before it starts boiling your food.

Don't overload your cookie sheets either. The center of the pan will not get as hot due to all that cold wet food sucking up all the heat, so the fries on the edge will cook faster than the fries in the middle.

Sear or roast your brassicas. They taste way better with some browning and lots of oil and salt.

Measuring food by weight is much easier and much more accurate than measuring by volume with measuring cups and spoons. This is next level awesome if you're trying to measure something sticky like honey or peanut butter, you can weigh it in the mixing bowl rather than dirtying a measurement device.

Don't overvook your meat. Use a fast read meat thermometer. Beef, pork, chicken, seafood, are all much better when cooked.to the proper internal temperature.

I am not a cooking expert, I am a heat transfer expert with a strong background in chemistry and those skills transfer over to cooking.

If you're pulling on a rope really hard, don't wrap it around your hand to get a better grip. If it starts to pull away from you, you won't be able to let go, and if someone runs up to help and starts hauling on the end, your hand is going to be in a world of pain.

It’s really easy to understand diabetes but it’s not something a lot of people grasp quickly if it doesn’t affect them.

First, when you eat carbohydrates they are converted into sugar by the body. Your cells want that sugar, but they don’t want too much. Too much sugar in the blood can damage blood vessels, leading to all sorts of issues ranging from annoying to fatal.

Insulin is like UPS, it delivers the sugar to the cells, also facilitating its entry into the cells. Normal people’s pancreas release an appropriate amount of insulin to match the amount of sugar in your blood and keep your blood sugar in a safe range (70-120, guidance on this varies this is not medical advice).

Type 1: Pancreas is damaged, often by the body’s immune system, and can no longer produce insulin. It’s genetic, and it doesn’t usually present after adolescence. The only treatment for type 1 is insulin. If you don’t have a pump you take a 24-hour insulin for a baseline and then a short-acting insulin for your meals. You usually have a carbohydrate to insulin ratio. 1 unit of insulin to 15g carbs is pretty common for a starting point. If you have a pump it just releases a slow drip of insulin as a base and then you program your ratio for meals.

Type 2: Your cells become insulin resistant and your pancreas responds by upping the amount of insulin it produces. Eventually it can’t keep up and your blood sugar rises. There is a period of time where you can avoid developing type 2 with diet changes. There is a period of time where you can just take pills. The final stage is using insulin injections like a type 1.

Finally, insulin is really expensive (or was, I think there’s legislation lowering prices in my state). The retail price without insurance of 2 insulins, needle tips, and blood testing supplies can easily be $1200/month. That’s the price you pay to eat without dying as a type 1.

I’m just a simple guy but if making that much money off people who literally have no other choice isn’t evil I’m not sure what is. Do we deserve to be able to eat? Tough call I guess.

Processes

Super generic, most people interact with them in some form all the time both at work and personal without a second thought. Very few understand what makes a good process, especially when there is a handoff involved.

Oh also communication. Everyone does it so a lot of people must be really good at it right? Yeah....

Don't brake in curves, whether you have a car or bike. Especially in slippery conditions.

I’m a developmental psychologist, and the biggest thing is people just not knowing what “psychologist” means.

The tl;dr here is:

Most psychologists aren’t therapists. Most therapists aren’t psychologists. If you’re looking for quality mental health care, don’t revere the “doctor.”

A “psychologist” refers to someone with a PhD in psychology (or someone who does psychological research within an interdisciplinary field, like education or human development). Critically, a psychologist is a researcher (and often an educator at the college+ level). Psychology is a massive field, and the most common subfields are cognitive, developmental, social, clinical, and neurobio.

A “clinical psychologist” is a research psychologist is the particular subfield of clinical psychology. Along with research, clinical psychologists usually learn clinical psychotherapy practices and then may (or may not) choose to incorporate offering therapy into their career. A similar path is the “PsyD” (doctor of psychology) which also falls under the “psychologist” heading. Like a clinical psych PhD, a PsyD has had advanced training in research and practice, but the balance of the degree leans much more toward practice. People who opt for a PsyD rather than PhD usually plan to pursue a fully clinical career, but are qualified to do research as well.

A “therapist” is someone who is trained and licensed to provide clinical psychotherapy. Most therapists in the US have a master’s degree in social work (or a few others, like counseling psychology), specialized clinical training in one or more areas or treatments, and additional state licensure requirements. Clinical and counseling psychologists (with PhDs) can act as therapists if they get and maintain licenses, but this is a small fraction of therapists. PsyDs make up another chunk, but the majority do not have a terminal PhD/PsyD.

As a psychologist, I don’t say this because I think my PhD makes me better than someone with an MSW — the reverse! I hear people get advice to not see a therapist if they are “just” a social worker without a PhD. Meanwhile people come up to my dumbass self and think I am qualified to act as a therapist or like I know anything about clinical or abnormal psychology. Like, wanna know how 2-year-olds and 12-year-olds use nonverbal signals like shrugs to facilitate conversational interaction differently from each other and from adults? No? Then I am not the person you’re looking for. Go talk to that extremely knowledgeable and well-trained person with an MA.

…Meanwhile a “psychiatrist” is a whole other thing. They have an MD and can prescribe medication. Very rarely they may also offer psychotherapy, but that’s hard to make happen in the US a healthcare system.

If people say 'i have excel competence', the difference could be between 'i can resize fonts and do tables for my company forms because I don't know how to do them in word' to 'fully modelling a business plan for a Telco, including it's subsidiary units'. Make sure you test for the level of competence you're after.

Learn a new formula every now and then, or at very least learn to read other people's formulas, then google what you don't know. Literacy in any field is the result of a long process of learning.

(Reread your question) Outside of IT: if an appliance stops working, it's sometimes just a fuse that needs replacing. It's cheap and easy to do.

When you understand that in the grand scheme of things we are all profoundly ignorant, everything becomes much more interesting.

Anytime I think " fuck I don't know how to do that" I remind myself that I can learn it, and then learn at least the basics.

While I may not be the font of all knowledge, I am the overflowing urinal of useless information.

How to do basic DIY. Do you know all the functions of your drill? Can you screw something in to wood, brick, plaster - for dab and cavity? What fixings and screw types should you use? Can you re-wire a plug? Change a tap? Wire an Ethernet connector and punchdown? Balance your books, calculate your tax, basic car maintenance...?

As a software engineer or IT person it's easy to think we're all so very smart, but anyone skilled in ANYTHING will know so much you don't in their own subject.

Basically everyone is an idiot about most things.

Not really completely on topic, but there's an app called Kinnu. It's free, and gamifies learning- like Duolingo but for a really wide variety of topics. So far I've done the pathways on learning, ikigai (Japanese concept of reason for living/being), logic and cognitive biases. They have pathways on other things too, like history, various sciences, philosophies, even personal finance (probably the next one I do).

It's a great way to kill 2-5 minutes a day and Ive learned a ton.

I work at a bakery. The number of people who ask for half a loaf of bread (normal to buy in this area, but they’re not pre-cut), then get upset when I pick up a whole loaf so I can cut half off is mind blowing to me. I’m also not a native speaker and autistic, so I’m wary of being inadvertently way too rude if I comment on it.

Point the knife away from you when cutting

As someone who works with tech, here is my 2 cents on basic knowledge.

If your computer is "not working" restarting the computer can generally fix 80 percent of the issues. We are not trying to make you mad, this is literraly first thing I am doing if you present me a problem.

Stop downloading things from unknown sources.

Use generic effects/fonts on your powerpoint. Just because you bought something cool doesnt mean it will magically transfer when you pass your presnetation to another computer for your presentation. (Microsoft does not migrate your paid effects)

For gamers Stop playing pvp on your pc/console on wifi, are you a mad?

Everyone in general We are at an age of computers. Learn how to type, it will save you tremendous amount of time, literally.

This is typically why education and experience are still needed if you're self taught.

I know from learning programming that people online don't explain "common sense" problems. So many times you'll look up a problem and see people talk about huge refactors or complex niche fixes when in reality you misplaced a single line of code.

A lot of the IT guys I know have little to no knowledge of mechanical stuff. Learn to fix your car

you probably don't know how to do a valve check on the car you drive every day

I honestly have no idea what your first paragraph is about. It might as well be in Chinese.

I'm a molecular biologist. I was recently surprised when I told someone that RNA is a thing that all living thing are brimming with. He thought that RNA was something scientists invented in 2020s to use as COVID vaccines.

I also once worked with someone who had a degree in biological sciences and was shocked to learn that female cows have vaginas. She didn't explain where she thought baby cows come from, but we decided not to push the matter and changed the subject.

Basic knife skills is something I'm often almost shocked by. I had a housemate last year who'd bought herself a decent Sabatier chef's knife (like this) but the way she cut veg, she may as well have been using a sharpened bit of moss. All the gear and no idea. Thankfully she forgot to take it with her or something when she moved out so it's my knife now.