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Ive usually seen "Expat" defined as someone working in another country, but explicitly with the intent to be there temporarily and leave once their time at that job ends, rather than moving there with an intent to stay and join that society. Which, granted, doesnt seem to be what OP is actually talking about in this case.
It's short for "expatriate." I'm not saying it isn't used in the way you described, but that's not the original meaning.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/expatriate
Yea, I always thought an "expat" was someone who was temporarily sent to another country to work for their company there.
Americans don't want to be grouped in with "dirty non-white immigrants" so they consider themselves expats even if they intend the move abroad permanently.
What OP is talking about has been a thing since the 90s and even 80s and earlier with ex-military.
Move to a cheap country where your pension/disability/passive income/whatever makes you wealthy.
Originally places liked it because it was an influx in cash. But then it became too popular and they were gentrifying places to the point locals couldn't afford to live and these leeches never worked.
It became big again with the internet when people became able to work and American job while overseas remotely. But by now most American companies just won't pay American wages. If they wanted someone overseas they'd pay them the low wage they always do.
With those younger people they added the "temporary" because they say they'll move back someday.
What you're talking about (if the job is in that country) would be a migrant worker.
But they also don't like that label, they think they're better than it.
I'd argue we should call all migrant workers expats. Unless they're literally working in a migratory fashion, spring here, summer there, fall somewhere else, etc.
Thats just the expats changing the narrative when people started calling them out on it.
That's what it means but some people use it wrong and some people complain about it being used wrong, wrongly