Yes, though it's a cheap "new game plus", without even feeling like a "new game". Once you manage to get to the center, you're thrown in a new galaxy in a random planet and have to get back to your ship, only some upgrades you've installed on yourself and your ship might break. Yet you can immediately call your freighter and any exocraft.

There's also Artemis' questline, with an interesting concept but overall underwhelming delivery.

Story spoilers

Artemis is stuck in a simulation, just like you, player, are stuck in one. The whole universe is a failing simulation created by Atlas.

interaction with other players?

From my experience, which pretty much ended around 1 year ago with the game, player interaction could be summed up to:

finding someone else's buildings during a community expedition
finding someone else's buildings in a quicksilver quest
someone giving you free stuff while you're idling in the anomaly

Apparently there are guilds now? In any case, I never saw anyone looking for group, because the game has nothing that only a pair or trio can do, or do faster/better than a solo player, other than base building