The answer is yes! It depends on the type of material and the goals. For instance, the iPhone 4 was supposed to have a white version on release but it was delayed. Apple eventually blamed the different in heat and UV radiation being different, if I remember correctly. Vague rumors that it messed with the proximity sensor also floated around. This was during the antenna-gate βyouβre holding it wrongβ era. Could be all BS and there was no formal explanation given.
Most times it probably doesnβt affect very much but manufacturing engineers spend a lot of R&D to make sure it doesnβt by the time things to get to consumers!