Oooh, so not being a medievalist, this one took me a while. One of the most popular books of the late Middle Ages in Europe was the Speculum Humanae Salvationis, a book of "popular theology" that basically analogized old testament events to new, to show that the former predicted the latter and Christianity was obviously true.
One of the Old Testament pages was about Amel-Marduk, a son of Nebuchadnezzar II, who usurped his brother (and was in turn usurped), but was said to have exhumed his father's corpse and dismembered it, leaving it to the birds. I have run out of steam trying to find the specific manuscript the meme image comes from (somebody else probably could find it), but the iconography is unmistakable.