Yeah that's definitely an anxiety reaction. My dog is exactly the same way, he's a small guy but if he sees a bigger dog he goes nuts and wants to charge them. My dog has all the worst anxiety traits unfortunately lol. So one aspect can be a fear response. A strong fear based anxiety reaction can trigger a dog to go towards the trigger which is generally when you have a dog leash tugging to get at something. It can also be the result of a generic response. One thing we learned is that dogs breed down in the south have a inherent "working dog" anxiety bred into them for years because most dogs down there are used on farms and such as watch dogs. So dogs from that region have high alert anxiety and tend to dislike other dogs or animals they aren't socialized to because they were bred that way over years a d years.
So to answer your question , short of medication, the best ways to treat anxiety is with treats/food motivation. As you walk your dog you want to treat them any time they see a trigger. The goal is you want them to check in with you when they are triggered, so they feel like they are alerting you to the "thing" without having to charge and deal with it on their own. Another helpful thing is to go to a large open area where they can observe triggers from a safe distance and then of course treat them. This helps them get used to seeing things and getting used to just observing rather then acting. It's a lot of work and takes a lot of time but it definitely helps over time! And then also realizing that it won't ever be completely solved. There will always be a time your dog is surprised and reacts or sees that one dog and just goes crazy for some reason. So being able to spot those ahead of time and putting space between you and your dog and just advocating for them can go a long way. I hate the type of dog walker that has their dog off leash and calls out "oh he's friendly" as their dog rushes mine. That's great, but my dog isn't friendly and you have now just caused a problem for all of us. Drives me crazy! Anyway, hope that helps at least a little!
You Might Be The Killer is a fun movie and probably fits in this list!